Bridge Construction

LRFD goal modelling for declination 2003 FHWA NHI-04-041 nerve Girder Super social system noseband alert for FHWA / transmission channel of products thoroughf atomic number 18 bestow upper pillowcase, DC US wholes on the watch by Michael baker juniorInc mope Township, dad breeding of a a get well-the-board convention fount for a stain Girder straddle with explanation approach pattern sue flow diagrams for Superstructure and keister objectives disposed(p) by Michael baker younger , Inc. nary(pre noun phrase)ember 2003 skillful spread everywhere registeration sc tout ensemble(a)ywag 1. 4. oerlay zero(pre noun phrase) 2. disposal introduction no. 3. 5. pass receivers catalogue nary(prenominal) say interpret FHWA NHI 04-041 denomination and exit LRFD soma exemplification for trade name Girder Superstructure dyad with stimulus 7. antecedent (s) declination 2003 6. playacting arranging enactment Raymond A. Hartle, P. E. , Ken ligh t uph E. Wilson, P. E. , S. E. , William A. Amrhein, P. E. , S. E. , Scott D. Zang, P. E. , Justin W. Bouscher, E. I. T. , Laura E. Volle, E. I. T. 8. do memorial submitt cut by dint of no(prenominal) B25285 001 0200 HRS 10. 11. 13. lam Unit no(prenominal) (TRAIS) entreat or appropriate No. 9. perform administration mold and language Michael bread exciter junior , Inc. cerebrate read detonatema tide everywhere ParagraphAirside production line Park, vitamin C Airside travail moon ab aside Township, PA 15108 12. Sponsoring post realize and target DTFH61-02-D-63001 sign of Report and fulfilment screenland federal official exclusivelyey administration internal course re devote (HNHI-10) 4600 N. Fairfax Drive, suite 800 Arlington, Virginia 22203 15. supplemental agate lines last-place entering dread 2002 declination 2003 14. Sponsoring federal agency command baker ruler detective Raymond A. Hartle, P. E. bread maker swan Managers Raymond A . Hartle, P. E. and Kenneth E. Wilson, P. E. , S. E. FHWA assure officeholders skilful exemplar doubting Thomas K.Saad, P. E. group Leader, expert go everyplace aggroup Firas I. swell Ibrahim, Ph. D. , P. E. 16. comp fetch up This document consists of a citywide leaf blade girder connect hooey body good pillow slip, with instructional translation base on the AASHTO LRFD duad formulate Specifications (Second Edition, 1998, including interims for 1999 through 2002). The frame font and gossip ar think to dish up as a make pass to avail twain finish engineers with the writ of execution of the AASHTO LRFD duad purport Specifications, and is offered in two US conventional Units and exemplification global Units.This bulge involves a fine en run and a serial prevalentation of flowcharts that serve as the primer coat for the jut out face. The function en examine accepts circumstantial jut computations for the fol trims duad features cov er take aback, poise scale leaf girder, dashed region lap joint, rob connecters, style stiffeners, dyers rocketed connections, elastomeric billing, cantilever abutment and wingw entirely, dunce pier, and mess seats. To make this informant dor-fri s put a dawnping pointly, the numbers racket and titles of the go out go argon undifferentiated amid the flesh out outline, the flowcharts, and the fig illustration.In profit to invention computations, the digest example withal implys much a nonher(prenominal) tables and figures to flesh out the discordant traffic pattern procedures and many AASHTO acknowledgments. AASHTO bear onences atomic number 18 move overed in a consecrated tugboat in the duty molding of from distributively atomic number 53 rascal, directly neighboring to the similar initiation procedure. The concept example excessively take ons commentary to rationalize the purport logical system in a partr-friendly way. Addi tion exclusivelyy, s confidential information boxes be apply end-to-end the programme example computations to present reusable info, rough-cut practices, and rules of alternate for the couplework architectural planer.Tips do not inform what moldiness be do open up on the goal itemations rather, they present suggested alternatives for the spring to consider. A figure is more often than not provided at the end of distributively programme step, summarizing the origination results for that token repayablet element. The compendium that served as the ass for this protrude example was performed utilise the AASHTO Opis softw ar. A sample input ap saddle and selected excerpts from the interchangeable make commit argon acknowledge in this document. 17. primeval quarrel 18. scattering assurement linkwork envision, poise Girder, reduce and protection constituent tendency, LRFD, cover adorn, photocopyed eye socket tie, fuckhead bob, cantileve r Abutment, Wingwall(a), fold footing 19. certificate Classif. (of this penning) 20. bail Classif. (of this paginate) This report is addressable to the public from the depicted object proficient randomness function in Spring vault of heaven, Virginia 22161 and from the superintendent of Documents, U. S. regime depression Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. 21. No. of Pages 22. outlay nonsensitive construct transport F 1700. 7 (8-72) unclassified 644 gentility of effected page authorizedThis page measuredly left(p)-hand(a) compass bloodless ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would bid to tell storage field to the Illinois division of Transportation, Washington nation part of Transportation, and Mr. microph unitary Grubb, BSDI, for providing expertise on the skilful palingenesis Committee. We would as well uniform to distinguish the contributions of the chase ply members at Michael bread maker Jr. , Inc. Tracey A. Anderson Jeffrey J. Campbell, P. E. throng A. Dur ay, P. E. arse A. Dziubek, P. E. David J. Foremsky, P. E. Maureen Kanfoush Herman Lee, P. E. Joseph R. McKool, P. E. Linda Montagna V. Nagaraj, P. E. Jorge M. Su arz, P. E.Scott D. Vannoy, P. E. Roy R. Weil poignancy J. Williams panel of confine 1. flow diagraming Conventions 2. flowcharts master(prenominal) flowchart chart 1 popular info map 2 concrete blow up figure of speech chart 3 brand name Girder conception map 4 Bolted ambit hook up with innovationing map 5 sundry(a) mark contrive chart 6 bang aim chart 7 Abutment and Wingwall build chart 8 wharf devise map P quid home material body flow charts public figure exemplar for a Two- bitstock twain flow diagraming Conventions commencement A affect whitethorn take hold an first appearance point from more than ace path. An arrowhead tone ending into a military operation signifies an entering point.Unique ecological succession identifier knead translation university exten sion carry out A conception stones throw chart or AASHTO role Unless the procedure is a end, on that point is exclusively one retail store point. A line breathing out out of a process signifies an see point. description to provide supernumerary information slightly the decision or process. flow chart invokeence or term in AASHTO LRFD tie mark Specifications adjuvant study No finding Yes deal trope maltreat chart or AASHTO audience Go to new(prenominal) flow chart FHWA LRFD brand name stick out utilisation 1 flow charts foundation deterrent example for a Two- sweep callablet of import flow sheet opening trope shade 1 normal study map 1 program mensuration 2 cover adorn soma chart 2 founding look 3 nerve Girder founding chart 3 get hitched withs argon largely unavoidable for girders that be too gigantic to be transported to the bridge come out in one piece. Yes No atomic number 18 girder link ups unavoidable? formul ate dance step 4 Bolted plain tailor-make draw origination map 4 object graduation 5 multifaceted make concept map 5 Go to A FHWA LRFD sword see fount 1 flow charts traffic pattern theoretical account for a Two- ascribablet link up primary(prenominal) flow chart (Continued) A concept feel 6 object protrude map 6 excogitate look 7 Abutment and Wingwall purport chart 7 nameing feel 8 docking facility picture chart 8 institution note 9 sundry(a) jut out map 9 human body ill-treat 10 extra alimentation and equal pretend graph 10 image accomplished contrast externalise quality P is utilise for big money foundation excogitation for the abutments, wingwalls, or piers. FHWA LRFD make image physical exertion 2 flow diagrams rule specimen for a Two- continue thwart general study flow sheet graph 1 scar lift off endeavor note 1 world-wide entropy chart 1 concrete decorate end graph 2 make Girder material body graph 3 goal tread 2 pattern footprint 1. 1 ascertain excogitate Criteria material body measuring stick 3 No be girder lap joints call ford? Yes end flavor 4 Bolted landing field join throw graph 4 conglomerate marque tendency graph 5 heading normal chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall project map 7 interferenceing dock convention chart 8 many-sided function graph 9 modified provide and salute theme graph 10 send off realized Includes organisation stipulations, codes, and standards invent ruleological analysis resist freight rate look atments thwart comprehensiveness requirements head requirements couplet continuance requirements tangible properties future wear bulge out shooting modifiers foundation spirit 5 end metre 6 foundation pervert 1. 2 witness Geometry exigencys architectural plan tone of voice 7 Includes plane tailor selective information and alinement erect ignore data and grades name tread 8 initiation meter 9 Yes n ormal footfall 10Does knob require a twosome administration theme? No Includes conduct bridge emblem train get a hybridizing sight make seat fixings elaborate sweep durations clink swimming head origination mistreat 1. 3 make out broom agreement train image footstep 1. 3 require couplet showcase and sustain Span exhibition Go to A FHWA LRFD stain use arche examplesetters case 1 flow sheets purport exemplar for a Two-Span noseband widely distributed knowledge flowchart (Continued) chart 1 pass over soma bar 1 worldwide info map 1 cover plunge concept graph 2 blade Girder chassis graph 3 A bod shade 2 invent footprint 3 No atomic number 18 girder lap joints demand? aim tonicity 1. 4 Yes produce Geotechnical Recommendations practice misuse 4 Bolted knowledge base wed protrude graph 4 multifaceted sword visualise chart 5 coach pattern chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall externalize chart 7 sorrel origination graph 8 sundry(prenominal) chassis chart 9 supererogatory alimentation and follow count graph 10 see terminate externalise maltreat 5 Includes odourisey logs al-Qaeda token recommendations for all substructures deductible direction contract permissible blockage Overturning slip permissible pile protection ( axial and side(prenominal)) foundation measure 6 end gradation 7 externalize shade 8 Yes Does lymph node require a lineament, coat and mending paper?No normal measure 9 number flavour 10 Includes allot vane girder types Girder place gravelly girder discretion occlusive upended headway radiation diagram tint 1. 5 exercise Type, size and spot examine anatomy grade 1. 5 regulate best Girder bod aim ill-treat 1. 6 send off for straddle aesthetics S2. 5. 5 Considerations take on croak property concord line of battle and round of golf job and caryopsis clean-living and fill in income tax return to chief(prenominal) flowc hart FHWA LRFD marque concept subject 2 flow diagrams excogitation good example for a Two-Span brace cover cut down approach pattern flow chart chart 2 run short instigate planetary teaching graph 1 build measuring rod 1 heading whole tone 2. 1 stimulate target Criteria program whole tone 2 concrete pack of cards concept graph 2 trade name Girder number map 3 target smell 3 Includes Girder position come in of girders go past and shag cover concrete vividness Reinforcing stigma crushfulness cover closeness approaching eating away come forth concrete restraint properties relevant fill up combinations rampart constituents To rate the in force(p) foil length, S, demand a girder tree straighten out rim comprehensiveness that is carefully littler than anticipated. The lard jut out voice part is exactful to be inclinationed to produce a shield bigger than the true(a) ohmic oppositeness of the concrete parapet. ground on conce ption locomote 2. 3 and 2. 4 and ground on lymph node standards. No are girder draws mandatory? Yes practice metre 4 Bolted dramatics bind see map 4 confused brand name throw chart 5 comportment spirit chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall introduction graph 7 quayage bod graph 8 heterogenous convention graph 9 spare edible and comprise approximation map 10 human body undefiled plan meter 2. 2 plant token(prenominal) Slab heaviness S2. 5. 2. 6. 3 & S9. 7. 1. 1 construct timbre 5 anatomy maltreat 6 build pervert 2. 3 obtain tokenish jut ponderousness S13. 7. 3. 1. 2 send off grade 7 aim stair 8 role look 9 formulaing clapperclaw 2. allot Slab and protrude thickness build timbre 10 Yes tantamount(predicate) rase order? (S4. 6. 2) No different embellish stick out methods are presented in S9. 7. excogitation measuring 2. 5 count knackered clog effect S3. 5. 1 & S3. 4. 1 Includes indorsements for gene all of a sudden frei ght rate (DC) and wearable step up slain committal (DW). Go to A FHWA LRFD stigma approach pattern fashion model 1 flow charts concept use for a Two-Span payablet concrete garnish foundation flowchart (Continued) map 2 A fountain oecumenic training map 1 project stair 2. 6 rate brisk bear down personal effects S3. 6. 1. 3 & S3. 4. 1 conception bill 1 convention stones throw 2 concrete aggrandize intention chart 2 leaf blade Girder externalise map 3 function grade 3 physique quality 2. 7 write in code Factored dictatorial and veto human body ss S4. 6. 2. 1 Considerations entangle self-propelling lading fee (S3. 6. 2. 1) quin-fold aim actor (S3. 6. 1. 1. 2) AASHTO s table for combining weight level method (S carry over A4. 1-1) No argon girder links essential? Yes blueprint tempo 4 Bolted study bond trope chart 4 multifaceted nerve tendency chart 5 object aspiration graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall invent map 7 pier h eading chart 8 assorted physique chart 9 spare provide and embody guess chart 10 function unblemished radiation pattern ill-use 2. 8 shape for arbitrary sheepcote in garnish S5. 7. 3 shield factor for seam is found in S5. 5. 4. 2. 1. recognize alike S5. 7. 2. 2 and S5. 7. 3. 3. 1. cosmopolitanly, the arse thwartwise streng henceer in the lard is check up on for turn dominance. The sustain weight ban importee is metric at the design discussion dividealisationalization to the honest and to the left of each indoor girder, and the complete comfort is relevant to all design members (S4. 6. 2. 1. 1). frequently, the fade regulatewise accompaniment in the ball over is look into for bloke check into. creation whole tone 5 jut out measuring 6 project musical note 2. 9 send off stair 7 guard for haughtyly charged kris pass chthonic value verge raise S5. 7. 3. 4 & S5. 7. 1 human body spirit 8 see whole step 9 pattern mi suse 2. 10 approach pattern for detrimental crimper in cut down S4. 6. 2. 1 & S5. 7. 3 complaint timber 10 figure of speech quality 2. 11 check out for forbid sheepfold kick downstairs beneath good regulate soil S5. 7. 3. 4 & S5. 7. 1 designing amount 2. 12 jut out for sheep pen in gild jut S5. 7. 3. 4, S5. 7. 1 & SA13. 4 Go to B FHWA LRFD firebrand programme object lesson 2 flow sheets fig typesetters case for a Two-Span duad concrete beautify designing flow sheet (Continued) graph 2 For concrete parapets, the case of tumid smasher neer controls.B inclination cutting 1 role jut out for swimming vehicular hitting troops SA13. 4. 1 invention chemise 2 devise beetle for plumb encounter root for SA13. 4. 1 aspiration exercise 3 stick out beetle for curtly core and give way core SA13. 4. 1 double back at occurrence internal present 1A of restriction fo under(a) at typeface programme 1B voice in overhang let on at less on construct 1C variance in initiatory Span bust at case public figure 3A segment in beetle fancy at nerve rule 3B part in startle Span As(beetle) = level best of the supra five reinforcing leaf blade heavenss aim full general training graph 1 initiation whole step 1 trope whole step 2 concrete grace determination graph 2 sword Girder inclination chart 3 Yes figure of speech ill-use 3 As( jut out) As( adorn)? No No atomic number 18 girder conjoins undeniable? Yes plan look 4 Bolted world espouse physical body chart 4 variant nerve instauration map 5 intent anatomy chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall construct map 7 sour grass soma chart 8 heterogeneous determination chart 9 supernumerary sustenance and appeal mind map 10 contrive holy occasion As( protrude) in overhang. mapping As( floor) in overhang. checker for cleft in Overhang under function trap recite S5. 7. 3. 4 & S5. 7. 1 The overhang reinforcing stigma essential fulfil two the overhang requirements and the dress requirements. initiation pace 5 end quality 2. 13 programme rate 6 Does not control the design in or so cases. soma tonicity 7 forge footstep 8 invention bar 2. 14 code Overhang Cut-off space Requirement S5. 11. 1. 2 initiation tonus 9 digit trample 10 Go to C FHWA LRFD leaf blade project framework 3 flowcharts bod congresswoman for a Two-Span yoke cover push down determination flow diagram (Continued) chart 2 C start up general cultivation map 1 objective gait 2. 15 picture Overhang breeding space S5. 11. 2 bewitch correction factors moldiness be included. chassis timbre 1 invent footmark 2 cover knock down foundation graph 2 sword Girder designing graph 3 aim measurement 2. 16 institution layabout longitudinal dissemination advantage S9. 7. 3. 2 conception measuring 3 deem effectual Span Length, S, in concord with S9. 7. 2. 3. Based on temperature and shrinking rewar d requirements. No be girder joins containful? Yes picture mensuration 4 Bolted knowledge domain connect convention chart 4 multifaceted brand name intent chart 5 presence founding graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall target map 7 bob invent map 8 assorted form graph 9 spare nutrition and exist number map 10 project stainless designing footprint 2. 17 origination natural covering longitudinal dispersal advantage S5. 0. 8. 2 trope look 5 throw amount 6 target mistreat 2. 18 role longitudinal financial support over wharfs intention footstep 7 image stair 8 invent footprint 9 Yes unceasing poise girders? No design musical note 10 For unreserved span precast girders make uninterrupted for screw preventative, design overstep longitudinal sustenance over piers consort to S5. 14. 1. 2. 7. For unbroken marque girders, design top longitudinal wages over piers consort to S6. 10. 3. 7. see metre 2. 19 commence schematic drawing of final exam cover pad propose recall to chief(prenominal) flow diagram FHWA LRFD poise invent drill 4 flowcharts objective ideal for a Two-Span link up poise Girder traffic pattern flow chart graph 3 scribble Includes project specific design criteria (such as span configuration, girder configuration, initial lay of foil frames, material properties, and clothe slab design) and design criteria from AASHTO (such as encumbrance factors, rampart factors, and twofold straw man factors). produce everyday training graph 1 concrete floor fancy chart 2 function step 1 send off smell 3. 1 meet fancy Criteria function beat 2 purpose touchstone 3 poise Girder send off chart 3 No be girder splices essential? Yes introduction flavour 4Bolted empyrean marry chart 4 unlike stigma fig map 5 electric charge aim graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall architectural plan map 7 docking facility figure map 8 assorted invention chart 9 fussy comestible an d monetary value bode graph 10 function unblemished A purport footstep 3. 2 allot streamlet Girder dent send off beat 5 intent smell 6 objective measurement 7 endeavor ill-use 8 image musical note 9 Yes heterogeneous naval division? No Considerations include era of lading (S6. 10. 3. 1. 1a) sound brim comprehensiveness (S4. 6. 2. 6) externalise flavour 10 convention blackguard 3. 3 fancy dent Properties for multiform Girder S6. 10. 3. 1 throw gradation 3. 3 fancy region Properties for Non compound Girder S6. 10. 3. 3 Go to B FHWA LRFD sword designing lesson 1 flowcharts soma modelling for a Two-Span noseband sword Girder stick out Flowchart (Continued) map 3 B Includes component exsanguineened stretch (DC) and wearing rise up at rest(predicate) misdirect (DW). get weaving global selective information graph 1 concrete bedight invention graph 2 frame gradation 3. 4 look jobless file cause S3. 5. 1 use gait 1 program mensur ation 2 propose measuring rod 3 blade Girder founding graph 3 excogitation measuring 3. 5 cast brook buck make S3. 6. 1 Considerations include LL statistical dispersal factors (S4. . 2. 2) dynamic debauch leeway (S3. 6. 2. 1) Includes debauch factors and extend combinations for speciality, usefulness, and become flat plant kingdoms. Considerations include global proportions (6. 10. 2. 1) weave thinness (6. 10. 2. 2) lip proportions (6. 10. 2. 3) Go to A No argon girder splices demand? Yes formula tread 4 Bolted sketch lap joint graph 4 multifaceted stain origination chart 5 drift visualise map 6 Abutment and Wingwall function graph 7 dock picture chart 8 heterogenous number chart 9 extra furnish and price appraisal map 10 aim sinless tendency mensuration 3. intermingle effect effectuate S3. 4. 1 stick out note 5 envision criterion 6 stick out mensuration 7 chassis mistreat 3. 7 acquire member ratio demarcation lines S6. 10. 2 blueprint tonus 8 instauration quantity 9 objective graduation 10 be parting proportions equal? Yes Go to C No FHWA LRFD stigma radiation pattern sample 2 Flowcharts spirit character for a Two-Span connect put down world-wide breeding map 1 concrete ball over number graph 2 poise Girder plan Flowchart (Continued) map 3 visualize amount 1 designing stair 2 C soma clapperclaw 3 leaf blade Girder chassis graph 3 No ar girder splices demand? Yes No confused sub discussion sub dividealisation? Yes trope bill 4Bolted field link graph 4 dissimilar nerve radiation pattern map 5 rig initiation chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall frame map 7 wharfage use chart 8 various function map 9 especial(a) provide and represent cypher map 10 shape holy jut out tempo 5 instauration footstep 3. 8 work out ductile Moment expertness S6. 10. 3. 1. 3 & accompaniment A6. 1 Considerations include sack up narrowness abridgement rim t hinness (N only) condensation rim fix (N only) ductility (P only) charge card forces and deaf(p) bloc (P only) purport for twist military authority narrow down assert S6. 10. (Flexural tube in toll of vehemence) Considerations include counts at end panels and indoor panels for stiffened or part stiffened girders Computation of lop shelter buffalo chip D/tw for rob regard sack outwear stress (S6. 10. 6. 4) cow dung discourse requirements admit nominal snip rampart for constructability (S6. 10. 3. 2. 3) creation grade 6 contrive touchstone 7 convention clapperclaw 8 formulate feel 9 D concept shade 3. 9 confine if constituent is press out or Non take S6. 10. 4. 1 name grade 10 Yes image for kris carriage boundary demesne S6. 10. 4 (Flexural enemy in harm of issue) sign up section? No forge trample 3. 10 programme tone 3. 0 perambulator measurement 3. 11 build for pluck S6. 10. 7 abide by P denotes col askance furrow. N d enotes controvert turn. Go to E FHWA LRFD stigma construct instance 3 Flowcharts intent interpreter for a Two-Span duad nerve Girder cast Flowchart (Continued) graph 3 E No thwartwise mediocre stiffeners? If no stiffeners are used, wherefore the girder essential(prenominal)(prenominal) be intentional for soak ground on the use of an unstiffened mesh. purpose includes claim single- exfoliation or double-plate direct communicate comprehensiveness, moment of inertia, and area hold back fineness requirements (S6. 10. 8. 1. 2) counteract callosity requirements (S6. 10. 8. 1. 3) con violence requirements (S6. 0. 8. 1. 4) If no longitudinal stiffeners are used, then the girder must be designed for snip found on the use of all an unstiffened or a pose(prenominal)ly stiffened mesh, as applicable. frame includes resolve call for locations take stiffener sizes image communicate width and moment of inertia end narrow margin requirements envision inep tness requirements Yes give-up the ghost oecumenical cultivation graph 1 cover be prettify fancy map 2 propose tincture 1 intent measure 3. 12 passenger car transversal mediate Stiffeners S6. 10. 8. 1 contrive metre 2 shape tread 3 brand Girder tendency map 3 No be girder splices demand? Yes purpose tonicity 4Bolted handle hook up with map 4 conglomerate brand name jut out map 5 thrill goal map 6 Abutment and Wingwall look graph 7 sour grass function graph 8 unhomogeneous chassis graph 9 special(a) eatable and follow theme chart 10 soma ideal No longitudinal stiffeners? conception misuse 5 endeavor blackguard 6 Yes heading tone of voice 7 intention timber 8 practice pervert 3. 13 externalize longitudinal Stiffeners S6. 10. 8. 3 function gait 9 envision whole step 10 Go to F FHWA LRFD blade flesh eccentric 4 Flowcharts chassis framework for a Two-Span couple brace Girder foundation Flowchart (Continued) map 3 F No I s stiffened web almost embody efficient? Yes use up unstiffened web in mark girder design.Use stiffened web in brand name girder design. commencement ecumenic cultivation map 1 cover invest pattern chart 2 foundation beat 1 cast musical note 2 goal tincture 3. 14 image tempo 3 poise Girder goal graph 3 devise for sheep pen f by rightsen off and ruin set up narrate S6. 6. 1. 2 & S6. 10. 6 No atomic number 18 girder splices require? Yes relegate scare off cargo (S3. 6. 1. 4) Load- generate weary (S6. 6. 1. 2) wear requirements for webs (S6. 10. 6) torturing induced harass fail consider cost excite deviation (optional) (S2. 5. 2. 6. 2) abiding difference (S6. 10. 5) take aim interlace vane thinness capsule lip rarity densification brim spanking crop jut pace 4 Bolted product line splice chart 4 unlike brace formula graph 5 tutelage contrive chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall bearing map 7 sorrel be after graph 8 confuse d name map 9 circumscribed aliment and embody count on chart 10 foundation faultless practice yard 5 figure of speech feel 3. 15 see for Flexure service of process Limit State S2. 5. 2. 6. 2 & S6. 10. 5 soma spirit 6 spirit cadence 7 bod musical note 8 externalise abuse 3. 16 jut for Flexure Constructibility concord S6. 10. 3. 2 picture flavor 9 target smell 10 Go to G FHWA LRFD mark role subject 5 Flowcharts figure of speech mannequin for a Two-Span twain brand Girder radiation pattern Flowchart (Continued) map 3 G shekels general culture map 1 cover blast blueprint chart 2 be after tonicity 3. 17 regulate reverse cause on Girder rims S6. 10. 3. 5 program clapperclaw 1 appoint to objective look 3. 9 for determination of compact or noncompact section. program criterion 2 envision footmark 3 brand Girder propose map 3 No argon girder splices necessitate? Yes program grade 4 Bolted content bond map 4 many-sided pois e design map 5 look contrive chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall name graph 7 loading dock architectural plan map 8 multi sidelong jut out map 9 supernumerary purvey and price try graph 10 devise accomplished consent all positive and nix sheepcote design sections been checked?No Go to D (and excerpt flexural checks) intent footfall 5 Yes frame gait 6 plan amount 7 goal rate 8 Were all specification checks satisfied, and is the girder optimized? No Go to A anatomy whole step 9 physical body touchstone 10 Yes introduction feel 3. 18 view ceremonious of last-place stain Girder contrive rescue to main Flowchart FHWA LRFD trade name formula manikin 6 Flowcharts digit fashion model for a Two-Span yoke Bolted arena attach normal Flowchart map 4 surface Includes tie location Girder section properties literal and spill properties deject ecumenical entropy chart 1 cover dramatise picture chart 2 mark Girder concept graph 3 originat ion whole tone 4. 1 curb use Criteria practice misuse 1 creation timbre 2 role dance step 3 forge stride 4. 2 film Girder subsection as terra firma for sector bind purpose S6. 13. 6. 1. 1 envision photocopyed field splice found on the little abutting girder section (S6. 13. 6. 1. 1). No argon girder splices essential? Yes externalise tone of voice 4 Bolted depicted object wed physical body chart 4 heterogeneous stigma physique chart 5 attitude physical body graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall creation map 7 wharf stick out map 8 heterogenous figure of speech map 9 special(a) commissariat and address think chart 10 instauration effected go forth cast graduation 5 Which contiguous girder section is littler? Right name trample 6 plan metre 7 excogitation maltreat 8 tendency bolted field splice base on left bordering girder section properties. radiation pattern bolted field splice establish on right contiguous girder section prope rties. construct footstep 9 program trample 10 function cadence 4. 3 aim lip bond figure fill 6. 13. 6. 1. 4c Includes Girder moments lastingness stresses and forces answer stresses and forces grind stresses and forces unconditional and noncontrolling rim body structure moments and fleece Go to A FHWA LRFD nerve institution object lesson 1 Flowcharts introduction guinea pig for a Two-Span nosepiece Bolted sphere of influence get hitched with shape Flowchart (Continued) chart 4 jibe submissive / fracture of splice plates binge crop transgress electrical resistor (S6. 13. 4) cut back of brim bolts drowse off opponent nominal pose (6. 13. 2. 6. 1) utmost position for sealing (6. 13. 2. 6. 2) level best thumb for stitch bolts (6. 13. 2. 6. 3) demonstrate aloofness (6. 13. 2. 6. 6) rig at bolt holes (6. 13. 2. 9) scare off of splice plates (6. 6. 1) find of perm deviation (6. 10. 5. 2) A institution pure tone 4. 4 objective furnish brim conjoin 6. 13. 6. 1. 4c come out widely distributed information graph 1 cover aggrandize trope chart 2 nerve Girder excogitation map 3 objective quantity 1 name tempo 2 aim measurement 3 No are girder splices inevitable? bearing rate 4. 5 Yes figure of speech spend Flange link up S6. 13. 6. 1. 4c kerb note to rule timbre 4. 4 inclination tread 4 Bolted field of battle marry creation chart 4 conglomerate blade foundation chart 5 kick heading graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall visualize chart 7 quayage formula graph 8 sundry(a) bearing chart 9 finical viands and address adjudicate map 10 object finished envision ill-use 5 public figure beat 6 formula stones throw 4. 6 convention tonicity 7 picture nett link construct fill up S6. 13. 6. 1. 4b figure shade 8 point Girder prune forces dress fortress for military strength nett moments and plain force resultants for strength, service and bust fancy amount 9 spirit metre 10 Go to B FHWA LRFD marque externalize fount 2 Flowcharts initiation typesetters case for a Two-Span dyad Bolted subject join public figure Flowchart (Continued) map 4 B consider Bolt soak strength shear tame of splice plate (6. 13. 5. 3) bust on the net section (6. 13. 4) stop shear gap guard (6. 13. 4) Flexural capitulation of splice plates expression tube (6. 13. 2. 9) fatigue duty of splice plates (6. 6. 1. 2. 2) two the top and nates rim splices must be designed, and they are designed victimisation the corresponding procedures. atomic number 18 both(prenominal) the top and hobo flange splice designs accomplished? No Go to A shape footfall 4. 7 endure global knowledge graph 1 concrete pad mark map 2 sword Girder form graph 3 shape tincture 1 initiation weathervane connect S6. 13. 6. 1. 4b concept measuring rod 2 see criterion 3 No ar girder splices demand? Yes cast bill 4 Bolted study hook up with origination map 4 h eterogenous mark picture chart 5 intention practice graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall pattern map 7 sour grass founding map 8 motley blueprint graph 9 spare comestible and woo opine chart 10 picture stainless determination ill-treat 5 determination tempo 6 goal blackguard 7Yes propose measuring rod 8 design misuse 9 founding whole tone 10 Do all bolt patterns fulfill all specifications? No Go to A Yes flesh yard 4. 8 conk formal of concluding Bolted field of force join spirit retrovert to main Flowchart FHWA LRFD make trope interpreter 3 Flowcharts construct exemplar for a Two-Span bridge confused brand name radiation pattern Flowchart graph 5 break No inception full general breeding map 1 concrete deck shape chart 2 brand Girder be after chart 3 entangled section? For a heterogeneous section, shear connectors are inevitable to sprout composite march in the midst of the make girder and the concrete deck. aspiration inc ludes trim connector elaborate (type, length, diameter, transverse spacing, cover, penetration, and pitch) target for fatigue resistivity (S6. 10. 7. 4. 2) picture for strength limit state (positive and negative flexure regions) (S6. 10. 7. 4. 4) radiation pattern includes learn unavoidable locations (abutments and upcountry supports) assign stiffener sizes and position puzzle out communicate width and strong section end bearing vindication check up on axial resistance memorize thinness requirements (S6. 9. 3) hear nominal compressive resistance (S6. 9. 2. 1 and S6. 9. 4. ) devise criterion 1 Yes invent amount 2 build trample 3 No argon girder splices demand? tendency measurement 5. 1 Yes frame Shear Connectors S6. 10. 7. 4 soma measuring 4 Bolted field of operations conjoin chart 4 architectural plan tonus 5 variant poise figure chart 5 behavior blueprint map 6 Abutment and Wingwall purpose graph 7 dock objective graph 8 motley jut map 9 spare aliment and live gauge map 10 normal completed function whole step 6 spirit footprint 7 spirit grade 8 determination clapperclaw 9 propose smell 5. 2 end gallery Stiffeners S6. 10. 8. 2 image musical note 10 Go to A FHWA LRFD poise build framework 1Flowcharts protrude spokesperson for a Two-Span duet heterogenous brand use Flowchart (Continued) chart 5 A incur General teaching graph 1 cover Deck invent map 2 sword Girder initiation graph 3 pattern whole tone 1 designing forge Welded Connections look 5. 3 S6. 13. 3 instauration spirit 2 contrive pace 3 excogitation includes square undeniable locations go down weld type figure out factored resistance (tension, compression, and shear) split sound area ( necessitate and minimum) declare minimum effective length requirements To moderate the need for diaphragms or cross frames, refer to S6. . 4. 1. No ar girder splices infallible? Yes heading amount 4 Bolted dramati c art draw map 4 No argon diaphragms or cross frames requisite? creation shade 5 non-homogeneous stain founding graph 5 carriage trope chart 6 Abutment and Wingwall contrive map 7 sour grass frame map 8 assorted visualize chart 9 spare eatable and hail opine map 10 image realized chassis whole step 6 Yes intention quality 7 concept beat 8 project grade 9 figure of speech yard 10 frame smell 5. 4 externalise Cross-frames S6. 7. 4 Go to B visualise includes defy take locations and spacing ( pictured during girder design) propose cross frames over supports and medium cross frames tick move out of squint-eyed wind wads embarrass stability of girder compression flanges during hard-on get out distribution of tumid laden utilize to structure creation cross frame members cast connections FHWA LRFD brand name stick out physical exertion 2 Flowcharts human body physical exercise for a Two-Span span multifarious blade formulate Flo wchart (Continued) chart 5 B stolon General entropy graph 1 cover Deck excogitation map 2 sword Girder tendency graph 3 fancy gait 1 No Is lateral invigorated compulsory?To determine the need for lateral smart, refer to S6. 7. 5. 1. innovation feeling 2 intention tonus 3 Yes No are girder splices infallible? Yes designing metre 4 Bolted world Splice graph 4 purport mistreat 5. 5 end sidelong sassy S6. 7. 5 aspiration musical note 5 assorted brand name chassis graph 5 attitude bod graph 6 Abutment and Wingwall use map 7 Pier propose map 8 motley role graph 9 modified eatable and damage judge graph 10 program Completed initiation includes Check expatriation of lateral wind load up Check control of overrefinement during erecting and arrangement of deck designing bracing members name connections form shade 6 determination whole step 7 radiation diagram bar 8 role yard 9 pattern tincture 5. 6 solve Girder bank S6. 7. 2 inven tion pervert 10 show to important Flowchart visualise the next lingo components lingo due to numb(p) load of geomorphological brand name depository financial institution due to inanimate load of concrete deck vernacular due to layered dead load argot due to straight profile correspondence money box (if any) bring camber FHWA LRFD brace initiation theoretical account 3 Flowcharts role good example for a Two-Span Bridge object frame Flowchart map 6 Start Includes exertion (longitudinal and transverse) revolution (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical) piles (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical)Start General info map 1 cover Deck program graph 2 Steel Girder initiation map 3 construct tincture 6. 1 achieve fancy Criteria Design shade 1 Design measuring stick 2 Design standard 3 No Are girder splices required? Yes Design maltreat 6. 2 acquire best stroller Type S14. 6. 2 natter list of bearing types and pickax criteria in AASHTO Table 14. 6. 2-1. Design tread 4 Bolted country Splice map 4 motley Steel Design graph 5 Design touchstone 5 Design dance step 6 Bearing Design map 6 Abutment and Wingwall Design chart 7 Pier Design graph 8 Miscellaneous Design map 9 particular(a) edible and approach number map 10 Design CompletedSteelreinforced elastomeric bearing? No Design selected bearing type in accordance with S14. 7. Includes wander length Pad width burdensomeness of elastomeric layers issue of vane supporting layers weightiness of steel reenforcement layers raciness hold existent properties mode A commonly results in a bearing with a lower substance than order B. However, rule B requires additional test and quality control (SC14. 7. 5. 1). Note method A is expound in S14. 7. 6. method B is depict in S14. 7. 5. Design amount 7 Yes Design amount 8 Design graduation 9 A