An Integrated Signal Conditioning Block For Electrocardiogram

The AD8232 is an integrated signal conditioning block for Electrocardiogram, which is designed for extraction, amplification and filtering of small biopotential signals in the presence of noisy conditions, created by motion or remote electrode placement. The AD8232 has essential pins like shutdown pin, leadoff+, leadoff-, analog output, 3.3v, gnd to operate with the Arduino Mega 2560. There also exist RA(Right Arm),LA(Left Arm), RL(right leg) pins to attach to the custom sensor of human body . It has an led indicator which pulsates with the rhythm of a heartbeat .2.2.6 Heartbeat Sensor The Heartbeat sensor works on the principle of photoplethysmography which is a method of not invading the body for measuring heartbeat. It provides a simple way to obtain the function of the heart. The heartbeats can be measured based on the principle of psycho-physiological signal which is used as a stimulus for the virtual- reality system. The blood flow in the finger changes every instant. The sensor shines a small very bright LED through the clip and measures the light that gets transmitted to the Light Dependent Resistor. The signal firstly gets amplified after which it is inverted and filtered. In order to calculate the heart rate based on the blood that flows to the fingertip, the sensor is connected to a LM358 OP-AMP for observing the heartbeat pulses. The module gives a direct output digital signal when connected to a microcontroller. It is compact in size and works at a